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a Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center and
Tel-Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Ramat-Aviv, Israel, b Present address for R Inzelberg Neurology
Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
Correspondence to: Professor Amos D Korczyn, Neurology Department, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Israel. Tel: 00972 3 640 8757; Fax: 00972 3 640 9113; Email: neuro13{at}ccsg.tau.ac.il
Received 17 June
1996 and in revised form 16 May 1997;
Accepted 1 August 1997
Whereas visual hallucinations are often found among patients
with Parkinson's disease, the occurrence of auditory hallucinations has never been systematically documented. The occurrence, past and
present, of auditory hallucinations has been studied in 121 consecutive
patients with Parkinson's disease attending a movement disorders
clinic. The cognitive state was evaluated using the short mental test
(SMT). Hallucinations were reported for 45 patients (37%); 35 (29%) had only visual hallucinations and 10 (8%) both visual and
auditory hallucinations. No patient reported auditory hallucinations
unaccompanied by visual hallucinations. The auditory hallucinations
occurred repeatedly, consisting of human voices. They were
non-imperative (n=9), non-paranoid (n=9), and often incomprehensible
(n=5). They were not obviously influenced by the patients' age,
duration of disease, or treatment with levodopa. Cognitive impairment
was more common among hallucinating patients (64%, 50%, and 25%
among patients with visual hallucinations, auditory hallucinations, and
non-hallucinating parkinsonian patients respectively). Depression
necessitating antidepressants was present in five of 10 and other
psychotic features in six patients with auditory hallucinations.
It is concluded that auditory hallucinations occur in Parkinson's
disease, particularly in patients who also have visual hallucinations
and are cognitively impaired.
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